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Understanding infiniFi – The OnChain Fractional Reserve Banking Protocol
Nicolai Søndergaard
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Key Takeaways
6 min read
  • InfiniFi replicates traditional fractional reserve banking on-chain, allowing stablecoin holders to choose between liquid (siUSD) or locked (liUSD) deposits, balancing flexibility against higher yields and clearly defined risk structures.

  • The Points incentive system enhances user engagement by rewarding active participation, potentially paving the way for future governance involvement or retroactive benefits, thereby aligning users' interests with long-term protocol growth.

A protocol that mimics a bank

InfiniFi introduces a familiar concept with an unfamiliar execution. It replicates the classic "borrow short, lend long" approach seen in traditional banking but does so through fully automated smart contracts. The core mechanism allows users to deposit stablecoins into the protocol and receive iUSD in return, a token pegged 1:1 to the US dollar. This is where the system branches.

Once a user holds iUSD, they can decide between two yield paths. Staking converts iUSD into siUSD, a liquid yield-bearing asset that offers lower risk and easy access to funds. Locking converts the deposit into liUSD, which is illiquid but offers significantly higher yield in exchange for a duration commitment. The differentiation creates an accessible structure where users select the level of risk and return they are comfortable with. It's a modern analog to tiered deposit accounts, with full on-chain visibility and flexibility.

Fractional reserve, programmatic yield

What happens after the deposit is where InfiniFi diverges from most DeFi protocols. The system doesn't sit passively on stablecoins. Instead, it allocates a fraction of capital, heavily favoring liUSD, and to a lesser extent siUSD into yield strategies. Protocols like Aave, Pendle, Fluid, and Ethena receive capital flows, while a portion remains in reserve to support redemptions and protect liquidity.

This reserve ratio is crucial as it allows siUSD holders to withdraw on demand while maximizing capital efficiency elsewhere. liUSD holders absorb more risk and receive higher returns. siUSD holders enjoy flexibility while still benefiting from boosted system performance. The logic is deeply hierarchical but transparent losses, if they occur, flow down an encoded waterfall. liUSD takes the first hit, then siUSD, and finally base iUSD. This structured downside protection mimics the senior-junior split seen in real-world banking and credit markets.

Yield and Points layered together

InfiniFi does not rely solely on yield to attract users. The platform introduced a Points program beginning June 1, 2025, designed to reward participation during its six-month launch phase. These Points accumulate through several vectors.

Depositing stablecoins and minting iUSD starts the process. Holding iUSD generates passive Points, with added multipliers for those who stake into siUSD or lock into liUSD. Liquidity provision is also incentivized. Adding iUSD to pools like iUSD/USDC on Curve not only strengthens ecosystem liquidity but unlocks more Points per dollar of LP capital. Users can also refer others to the protocol. If someone joins using your code, you receive a 10% bonus of their earned Points, adding a social layer to the incentive model.

These Points are not tradable, and no official token has been announced. However, many in the ecosystem speculate that they will eventually convert into governance rights or serve as the basis for a retroactive airdrop. It’s a familiar strategy across DeFi. Reward early behavior now, allow optionality later. In InfiniFi’s case, it ensures that users who actively contribute to the protocol’s growth have a stake in its future.

User Preferences

The appeal of InfiniFi varies depending on user preference. Those who prioritize safety and liquidity gravitate toward siUSD, earning modest but enhanced returns compared to standalone lending platforms. Those with a higher risk appetite opt for liUSD, accepting lockup in exchange for boosted APY. Power users and speculators may participate primarily to accumulate Points, anticipating future token distribution. In doing so, they still contribute capital and liquidity, indirectly supporting the protocol’s economics.

The yield dynamics reward all sides. Even cautious users receive better returns than traditional DeFi, thanks to the system’s reserve-based amplification. Bold users receive even more, compensating for liquidity tradeoffs and risk exposure. The key difference lies in the protocol’s internal alignment. Users aren’t just placing capital, they’re contributing to a coordinated model designed to extract more from the same base assets.

The broader vision

While the stablecoin yield engine is the current focus, InfiniFi’s long-term ambitions point toward a wider role in DeFi and beyond. The team has expressed interest in integrating tokenized real-world assets, such as government bonds or credit instruments. The logic is compelling. A 5% bond becomes more attractive if InfiniFi can turn it into 5.5% or 6% via fractional deployment. This type of refinancing could unlock new liquidity paths for real-world yield-bearing assets, drawing in users who might otherwise avoid DeFi due to volatility or complexity.

Additional roadmap items include broader protocol integrations, cross-chain deployments, and potential Layer 2 expansion. Governance is another likely evolution. While no token is currently live, the Points campaign signals a potential transition point. It’s plausible that InfiniFi introduces a governance layer once the initial program ends, using Point balances to seed voting rights or protocol revenue sharing.

Yield comparison

As of June 2025, InfiniFi offers stablecoin depositors two distinct yield options. The liquid tranche, siUSD, provides approximately 8% APY and allows deposits to remain fully liquid and redeemable at any time, catering to depositors who prioritize flexibility. Alternatively, the locked tranche, liUSD, offers higher yields ranging from 11.8% to 13.4% APY, accompanied by lock-up periods of approximately six weeks.

Summer Finance provides yields through fully liquid vaults without lockup restrictions. The USDC Vault offers around 5–6% APY, while the USDT Vault provides approximately 4–5% APY.

Morpho offers yields between 0.5% and 18% APY, benefiting from optimized lending pools and token incentives, and maintains full liquidity for deposits.

Pendle provides fixed yields ranging from 1% to 16%, locked until maturity. Investors selecting Pendle accept temporary illiquidity for the benefit of guaranteed returns.

Ethena (sUSDe) currently yields 4% derived from ETH-staking strategies, with a withdrawal notice period of approximately seven days.

Simply infiniFi

InfiniFi doesn’t market itself as speculative infrastructure. Its core pitch is functionality: stablecoin holders earn better returns by participating in a reserve-based model that mirrors real financial systems. The Points program is temporary acceleration, not the foundation. The real foundation is an incentive structure aligning risk, transparency, and upside in a way that outperforms siloed strategies.

The value is not just in the APY but in how that APY is generated, distributed, and governed. InfiniFi makes those mechanics legible. It turns passive capital into coordinated economic behavior, and simple deposits into something more strategic.

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Disclosure: The authors of this content and members of Nansen may be participating or invested in some of the protocols or tokens mentioned herein. The foregoing statement acts as a disclosure of potential conflicts of interest and is not a recommendation to purchase or invest in any token or participate in any protocol. Nansen does not recommend any particular course of action in relation to any token or protocol. The content herein is meant purely for educational and informational purposes only and should not be relied upon as financial, investment, legal, tax or any other professional or other advice. None of the content and information herein is presented to induce or to attempt to induce any reader or other person to buy, sell or hold any token or participate in any protocol or enter into, or offer to enter into, any agreement for or with a view to buying or selling any token or participating in any protocol. Statements made herein (including statements of opinion, if any) are wholly generic and not tailored to take into account the personal needs and unique circumstances of any reader or any other person. Readers are strongly urged to exercise caution and have regard to their own personal needs and circumstances before making any decision to buy or sell any token or participate in any protocol. Observations and views expressed herein may be changed by Nansen at any time without notice. Nansen accepts no liability whatsoever for any losses or liabilities arising from the use of or reliance on any of this content.