Introduction

Blockchain technologies are being promoted as a replacement for banks; a new way to buy art; an essential part of the metaverse, and perhaps the next big investment opportunity, resulting in a rapid rise in its popularity. As such, emerging blockchain technologies continue to be subject to significant hype despite the current market downturn. Specifically, the Metaverse, Web3, Decentralized Finance, and Cryptocurrency are four key innovations that promise to deliver unique benefits for retail and business consumers, but all are in varying stages of maturity.

While some of these blockchain technologies are still nascent in their development, their associated risks often do not deter enthusiasts from adopting and promoting...